authoscope¶

authoscope (formerly badtouch) is a scriptable network authentication cracker. While the space for common service bruteforce is already very well saturated, you may still end up writing your own python scripts when testing credentials for web applications.

The scope of authoscope is specifically cracking custom services. This is done by writing scripts that are loaded into a lua runtime. Those scripts represent a single service and provide a verify(user, password) function that returns either true or false. Concurrency, progress indication and reporting is magically provided by the authoscope runtime.

https://asciinema.org/a/Ke5rHVsz5sJePNUK1k0ASAvuZ.png

Getting Started¶

Installation¶

If available, please prefer the package shipped by your linux distribution.

Archlinux¶

$ pacman -S authoscope

Mac OSX¶

$ brew install authoscope

Docker¶

$ docker run --rm kpcyrd/authoscope --help

Source¶

To build from source, make sure you have rust and libssl-dev installed.

$ git clone https://github.com/kpcyrd/authoscope
$ cd authoscope
$ cargo build

Usage¶

Options¶

-n, --workers <workers>     The number of concurrent workers to run.
-o, --output <output>       Write results to this file.
-v, --verbose               Enable verbose output.
-h, --help                  Prints help information.
-V, --version               Prints version information.

Dictionary attack¶

Try each password for each user with every script.

authoscope dict <users> <passwords> [scripts]...

Credential confirmation¶

Load a list of credentials with the format user:password and verify them with every script.

authoscope creds <credentials> [scripts]...

Username enumeration¶

Takes a list of username and verifies they exist on the system. This is still executing the verify function with two arguments, but the password is set to nil. You may write a script that can do both by checking the password for nil to detect in which mode the script is executed.

authoscope enum <users> [scripts]...

Oneshot¶

Test a single username-password combination using a specific script. This command is also useful when developing a new script. If the password argument is omitted, the script is executed in enumerate mode. If you want to use this command in scripts, set -x so the exitcode is set to 2 if the credentials are invalid.

authoscope oneshot [-x] <script> <user> [password]

Scripting¶

A simple script could look like this:

descr = "example.com"

function verify(user, password)
    session = http_mksession()

    -- get csrf token
    req = http_request(session, 'GET', 'https://example.com/login', {})
    resp = http_send(req)
    if last_err() then return end

    -- parse token from html
    html = resp['text']
    csrf = html_select(html, 'input[name="csrf"]')
    token = csrf["attrs"]["value"]

    -- send login
    req = http_request(session, 'POST', 'https://example.com/login', {
        form={
            user=user,
            password=password,
            csrf=token
        }
    })
    resp = http_send(req)
    if last_err() then return end

    -- search response for successful login
    html = resp['text']
    return html:find('Login successful') ~= nil
end

Please see the reference and [examples](/scripts) for all available functions. Keep in mind that you can use print(x) and authoscope oneshot to debug your script.

base64_decode¶

Decode a base64 string.

base64_decode("ww==")

base64_encode¶

Encode a binary array with base64.

base64_encode("\x00\xff")

clear_err¶

Clear all recorded errors to prevent a requeue.

if last_err() then
    clear_err()
    return false
else
    return true
end

execve¶

Execute an external program. Returns the exit code.

execve("myprog", {"arg1", "arg2", "--arg", "3"})

hex¶

Hex encode a list of bytes.

hex("\x6F\x68\x61\x69\x0A\x00")

hmac_md5¶

Calculate an hmac with md5. Returns a binary array.

hmac_md5("secret", "my authenticated message")

hmac_sha1¶

Calculate an hmac with sha1. Returns a binary array.

hmac_sha1("secret", "my authenticated message")

hmac_sha2_256¶

Calculate an hmac with sha2_256. Returns a binary array.

hmac_sha2_256("secret", "my authenticated message")

hmac_sha2_512¶

Calculate an hmac with sha2_512. Returns a binary array.

hmac_sha2_512("secret", "my authenticated message")

hmac_sha3_256¶

Calculate an hmac with sha3_256. Returns a binary array.

hmac_sha3_256("secret", "my authenticated message")

hmac_sha3_512¶

Calculate an hmac with sha3_512. Returns a binary array.

hmac_sha3_512("secret", "my authenticated message")

html_select¶

Parses an html document and returns the first element that matches the css selector. The return value is a table with text being the inner text and attrs being a table of the elements attributes.

csrf = html_select(html, 'input[name="csrf"]')
token = csrf["attrs"]["value"]

html_select_list¶

Same as html_select but returns all matches instead of the first one.

html_select_list(html, 'input[name="csrf"]')

http_basic_auth¶

Sends a GET request with basic auth. Returns true if no WWW-Authenticate header is set and the status code is not 401.

http_basic_auth("https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/foo/buzz", user, password)

http_mksession¶

Create a session object. This is similar to requests.Session in python-requests and keeps track of cookies.

session = http_mksession()

http_request¶

Prepares an http request. The first argument is the session reference and cookies from that session are copied into the request. After the request has been sent, the cookies from the response are copied back into the session.

The next arguments are the method, the url and additional options. Please note that you still need to specify an empty table {} even if no options are set. The following options are available:

query - a map of query parameters that should be set on the url
headers - a map of headers that should be set
basic_auth - configure the basic auth header with {"user, "password"}
user_agent - overwrite the default user agent with a string
json - the request body that should be json encoded
form - the request body that should be form encoded
body - the raw request body as string

req = http_request(session, 'POST', 'https://httpbin.org/post', {
    json={
        user=user,
        password=password,
    }
})
resp = http_send(req)
if last_err() then return end
if resp["status"] ~= 200 then return "invalid status code" end

http_send¶

Send the request that has been built with http_request. Returns a table with the following keys:

status - the http status code
headers - a table of headers
text - the response body as string

req = http_request(session, 'POST', 'https://httpbin.org/post', {
    json={
        user=user,
        password=password,
    }
})
resp = http_send(req)
if last_err() then return end
if resp["status"] ~= 200 then return "invalid status code" end

json_decode¶

Decode a lua value from a json string.

json_decode("{\"data\":{\"password\":\"fizz\",\"user\":\"bar\"},\"list\":[1,3,3,7]}")

json_encode¶

Encode a lua value to a json string. Note that empty tables are encoded to an empty object {} instead of an empty list [].

x = json_encode({
    hello="world",
    almost_one=0.9999,
    list={1,3,3,7},
    data={
        user=user,
        password=password,
        empty=nil
    }
})

last_err¶

Returns nil if no error has been recorded, returns a string otherwise.

if last_err() then return end

ldap_bind¶

Connect to an ldap server and try to authenticate with the given user.

ldap_bind("ldaps://ldap.example.com/",
    "cn=\"" .. ldap_escape(user) .. "\",ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", password)

ldap_escape¶

Escape an attribute value in a relative distinguished name.

ldap_escape(user)

ldap_search_bind¶

Connect to an ldap server, log into a search user, search for the target user and then try to authenticate with the first DN that was returned by the search.

ldap_search_bind("ldaps://ldap.example.com/",
    -- the user we use to find the correct DN
    "cn=search_user,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com", "searchpw",
    -- base DN we search in
    "dc=example,dc=com",
    -- the user we test
    user, password)

md5¶

Hash a byte array with md5 and return the results as bytes.

hex(md5("\x00\xff"))

mysql_connect¶

Connect to a mysql database and try to authenticate with the provided credentials. Returns a mysql connection on success.

sock = mysql_connect("127.0.0.1", 3306, user, password)

mysql_query¶

Run a query on a mysql connection. The 3rd parameter is for prepared statements.

rows = mysql_query(sock, 'SELECT VERSION(), :foo as foo', {
    foo='magic'
})

print¶

Prints the value of a variable. Please note that this bypasses the regular writer and may interfer with the progress bar. Only use this for debugging.

print({
    data={
        user=user,
        password=password
    }
})

rand¶

Returns a random u32 with a minimum and maximum constraint. The return value can be greater or equal to the minimum boundary, and always lower than the maximum boundary. This function has not been reviewed for cryptographic security.

rand(0, 256)

randombytes¶

Generate the specified number of random bytes.

randombytes(16)

sha1¶

Hash a byte array with sha1 and return the results as bytes.

hex(sha1("\x00\xff"))

sha2_256¶

Hash a byte array with sha2_256 and return the results as bytes.

hex(sha2_256("\x00\xff"))

sha2_512¶

Hash a byte array with sha2_512 and return the results as bytes.

hex(sha2_512("\x00\xff"))

sha3_256¶

Hash a byte array with sha3_256 and return the results as bytes.

hex(sha3_256("\x00\xff"))

sha3_512¶

Hash a byte array with sha3_512 and return the results as bytes.

hex(sha3_512("\x00\xff"))

sleep¶

Pauses the thread for the specified number of seconds. This is mostly used to debug concurrency.

sleep(3)

sock_connect¶

Create a tcp connection.

sock = sock_connect("127.0.0.1", 1337)

sock_send¶

Send data to the socket.

sock_send(sock, "hello world")

sock_recv¶

Receive up to 4096 bytes from the socket.

x = sock_recv(sock)

sock_sendline¶

Send a string to the socket. A newline is automatically appended to the string.

sock_sendline(sock, line)

sock_recvline¶

Receive a line from the socket. The line includes the newline.

x = sock_recvline(sock)

sock_recvall¶

Receive all data from the socket until EOF.

x = sock_recvall(sock)

sock_recvline_contains¶

Receive lines from the server until a line contains the needle, then return this line.

x = sock_recvline_contains(sock, needle)

sock_recvline_regex¶

Receive lines from the server until a line matches the regex, then return this line.

x = sock_recvline_regex(sock, "^250 ")

sock_recvn¶

Receive exactly n bytes from the socket.

x = sock_recvn(sock, 4)

sock_recvuntil¶

Receive until the needle is found, then return all data including the needle.

x = sock_recvuntil(sock, needle)

sock_sendafter¶

Receive until the needle is found, then write data to the socket.

sock_sendafter(sock, needle, data)

sock_newline¶

Overwrite the default n newline.

sock_newline(sock, "\r\n")

Wrapping python scripts¶

The authoscope runtime is still very bare bones, so you might have to shell out to your regular python script occasionally. Your wrapper may look like this:

descr = "example.com"

function verify(user, password)
    ret = execve("./docs/test.py", {user, password})
    if last_err() then return end

    if ret == 2 then
        return "script signaled an exception"
    end

    return ret == 0
end

Your python script may look like this:

import sys

try:
    if sys.argv[1] == "foo" and sys.argv[2] == "bar":
        # correct credentials
        sys.exit(0)
    else:
        # incorrect credentials
        sys.exit(1)
except:
    # signal an exception
    # this requeues the attempt instead of discarding it
    sys.exit(2)

Configuration¶

You can place a config file at ~/.config/authoscope.toml to set some defaults.

Global user agent¶

[runtime]
user_agent = "w3m/0.5.3+git20180125"

RLIMIT_NOFILE¶

[runtime]
# requires CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
# sudo setcap 'CAP_SYS_RESOURCE=+ep' /usr/bin/authoscope
rlimit_nofile = 64000